November 2017 Meaning of cult classic. Hunter describes cult films as "New Hollywood in extremis" and a form of nostalgia for that period. “Good Will Hunting” is by far my favorite movie because of the ways it has influenced my life, as well as how it relates to it. "[131] "Sick films", the most disturbing and graphically transgressive films, have their own distinct cult following; these films transcend their roots in exploitation, horror, and art films. "[130] The sexploitation films of Russ Meyer were among the first to abandon all hypocritical pretenses of morality and were technically proficient enough to gain a cult following. [41] Cult films can also establish an early viability for more mainstream films both for filmmakers and national cinema. [153] Addressing concerns that DVDs have revoked the cult status of films like Rocky Horror, academic Mikel J. Koven states that small scale screenings with friends and family can replace midnight showings. All April 2016 [56] Audience participation itself can be transgressive, such as breaking long-standing taboos against talking during films and throwing things at the screen. Heavenly Creatures (1994) acquired its own cult following, became a part of New Zealand's national identity, and paved the way for big-budget, Hollywood-style epics, such as Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy. Unlike most exploitation directors, they were not trying to establish a reputation. The rise of the Internet and on-demand films has led critics to question whether "so bad it's good" films have a future now that people have such diverse options in both availability and catalog,[110] though fans eager to experience the worst films ever made can lead to lucrative showings for local theaters[111] and merchandisers. Definitions by the largest Idiom Dictionary. Eventually, his work would be reassessed and cult followings, which include Quentin Tarantino and Robert Rodriguez, developed around several of his films. Hunter identifies a prefabricated cult film style which includes "deliberately, insulting bad films", "slick exercises in dysfunction and alienation", and mainstream films "that sell themselves as worth obsessing over". Examples include Harold and Maude, Rocky Horror Picture Show, Queen of Hearts and many others. 0. Film Art [89] Especially when promoted by enthusiastic and knowledgeable programmers, choice of venue can be an important part of expressing individuality. [91], A film can become the object of a cult following within a particular region or culture if it has unusual significance. October 2017 [46] Actors can become typecast as they become strongly associated with such iconic roles. By requiring repeated viewings and extensive knowledge of details, auteur theory naturally appealed to cult film fans. February 2013 "[149] The sponsored film Mr. B Natural became a cult hit when it was broadcast on the satirical television show Mystery Science Theater 3000;[150] cast member Trace Beaulieu cited these educational shorts as his favorite to mock on the show. Previous articles and controversies can also be alluded to without explanation. Director Over its decades-long release, Rocky Horror became the seventh highest grossing R-rated film when adjusted for inflation;[162] journalist Matt Singer has questioned whether Rocky Horror's popularity invalidates its cult status. American Hustle A cult film, also commonly referred to as a cult classic, is a film with a cult following, obscure or unpopular with mainstream audiences, and often revolutionary or ironically enjoyed. Part of the attraction with movies designated with cult status is that they are so very different and much more provocative than mainstream populist fare. ... Cult-classic meaning. Fourth Wall Prometheus They were already established in the art-house world and intentionally chose to work within paracinema as a reaction against the New Spanish Cinema, an artistic revival supported by the fascists. Culture The Ghost in the Shell films, for example, provided Japanese fans with enough bonus material and spinoffs that it encouraged cult tendencies. For the book by Danny Peary, see. Many members of its nostalgic cult following are too young to have been alive during those periods, which Emma Pett interprets as fondness for retro aesthetics, nostalgia for when they saw the film rather than when it was released, and looking to the past to find a better time period. ISBN: 0792848276. The Ed Wood collection: a salute to incompetence. Casual readers and non-fans will thus be left out of discussions and debates, as they lack enough information to meaningfully contribute. Jackie Robinson Hollywood films, due to their nature, are more likely to attract this kind of attention, which leads to a mainstreaming effect of cult culture. April 2014 Top 100 Best Cult Classic Movies List. Unconcerned with traditional views on intellectual property, these fan works are often unsanctioned, transformative, and ignore fictional canon. Political Other media that reference cult films can easily identify which demographics they desire to attract and offer savvy fans an opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge. [57]:190–191 Familiar with the film's reputation and having watched clips on YouTube, these fans may take the next step and enter the film's fandom. ... With Tommy Wiseau cult-classic movie, people expected us to make a broad comedy where we make fun of Tommy Wiseau, but the more real we played it, the funnier and heartfelt it was -- that's the tone we want for this one as well. Sam Lowry is a harried technocrat in a futuristic society that is needlessly convoluted and inefficient. They may also watch films idiosyncratically: sped up, slowed down, frequently paused, or at odd hours. Movies. [106] Similarly, Paul Verhoeven's Showgirls (1995) bombed in theaters but developed a cult following on video. Joseph Gordon-Levitt Geoffrey Macnab of The Independent instead suggests that Hollywood look to capitalize on cult films, which have exploded in popularity on the internet. February 2014 ‘It was a cult classic movie that came out in the mid-1980 s when I was in college.’ ‘Notorious at the time for its high level of gore, the film was also distinguished by a keen sense of social satire and political commentary which quickly assured its status of a cult classic.’ [38] Asian imports to the West are often marketed as exotic cult films and of interchangeable national identity, which academic Chi-Yun Shin criticizes as reductive. May 2012. His films were reviled by critics, but he retained a cult following drawn by the nudity and eroticism. The Hunger Games Sab [179] In response, critics have described the use of viral marketing as astroturfing and an attempt to manufacture cult films. All this sounds rather dull, if not for the spark within the portrayals by Grant and McGann. Girls [60] The films that followed Jess Franco were unique in their rejection of mainstream art. [13]:42–43, Releases from major studios – such as The Big Lebowski (1998), which was distributed by Universal Studios – can become cult films when they fail at the box office and develop a cult following through reissues, such as midnight movies, festivals, and home video. [18] Academic Xavier Mendik also defines cult films as opposing the mainstream and further proposes that films can become cult by virtue of their genre or content, especially if it is transgressive. A cult film is one that has a passionate following, but does not appeal to everybody. Thus, even comparatively mainstream films can satisfy the traditional demands of a cult film, perceived by fans as transgressive, niche, and uncommercial. [12] According to feminist scholar Joanne Hollows, this subjectivity causes films with large female cult followings to be perceived as too mainstream and not transgressive enough to qualify as a cult film. May 2017 Briggs would later contribute a commentary track to the DVD release in which he describes it as a feminist film. It would go on to become a popular midnight movie and frequently bootlegged by fans, as licensing issues kept it from being released on video for many years. Nick Cave Nick Cave The Bad Seeds84d349b97c [140][141] Phil Hoad of The Guardian identifies Akira (1988) as introducing violent, adult Japanese animation (known as anime) to the West and paving the way for later works. [119], According to academic Brigid Cherry, nostalgia "is a strong element of certain kinds of cult appeal. Citing misuse of the term, Mikel J. Koven took a self-described hard-line stance that rejected definitions that use any other criteria. [160], As far back as the 1970s, Attack of the Killer Tomatoes (1978) was designed specifically to be a cult film,[161] and The Rocky Horror Picture Show was produced by 20th Century Fox, a major Hollywood studio. Fans of even the most obscure films can communicate online with each other in vibrant communities. Menu. Although critics Pauline Kael and Arthur Knight argued against arbitrary divisions into high and low culture, American films settled into rigid genres; European art films continued to push the boundaries of simple definitions, and these exploitative art films and artistic exploitation films would go on to influence American cult films. Drive [4] Some definitions exclude films that have been released by major studios or have big budgets,[5] that try specifically to become cult films,[6] or become accepted by mainstream audiences and critics. [103] Although often described as primarily composed of obsessed fans, cult film fandom can include many newer, less experienced members. Cult films and directors may be celebrated for their transgressive content, daring, and independence, but Tompkins argues that mainstream recognition requires they be palatable to corporate interests who stand to gain much from the mainstreaming of cult film culture. [7] Cult films are defined by audience reaction as much as by their content. Score [121] Mathijs and Sexton describe Grease (1978) as a film nostalgic about an imagined past that has acquired a nostalgic cult following. Call Number: Jones Media DVD #5800. [174] Although known for their big-budget blockbusters, Steven Spielberg and George Lucas have criticized the current Hollywood system of gambling everything on the opening weekend of these productions. A cult film is any film that has a cult following, although the term is not easily defined and can be applied to a wide variety of films. Irony or self-deprecating humor can also be used. What does cult classic expression mean? David Church and Chuck Kleinhans describe an uncritical celebration of transgressive themes in cult films, including misogyny and racism. Part Two", "BFI to Screen Uncut Versions of Cult Films as British Censor Turns 100", "How 'Battle Royale' Became a Cult Hit and Capitalized on 'The Hunger Games, "Russell's Skills Prove a Hit with Cinema Fans", "The Other Side of Indonesia: New Order's Indonesian Exploitation Cinema as Cult Films", "Sexploitation Cinema and the Rise and Fall of Russ Meyer", "Fandom and Subculture: Cultural Capital and Subcultures", "The Question of Genre in Cult Film and Fandom", "The Amateur Historian and the Electronic Archive: Identity, Power and the Function of Lists, Facts and Memories on "Video Nasty"-Themed Websites", "Still Abiding After 15 Years: The Laid-Back World of 'Big Lebowski' Worship", "Norman Wisdom Mobbed by Albanian Fans on 1995 Trip", "Demogogues in Death and Notes from Way Underground", "Hemp: Could the US Rekindle Its Love Affair? Specialist stores on the fringes of society (or websites which prominently partner with hardcore pornographic sites) can be used to reinforce the outsider nature of cult film fandom, especially when they use erotic or gory imagery. [50] Cult films can also trap directors. [53]:224–230 Ernest Mathijs says that cult films often disrupt viewer expectations, such as giving characters transgressive motivations or focusing attention on elements outside the film. Director Jean Rollin worked within cinéma fantastique, an unpopular genre in modern France. Fans who flaunt their knowledge receive negative reactions. Warren Ellis Donald Liebenson of the Los Angeles Times cites the violence and sexual imagery as alienating critics, who did not know what to make of the film. Ryan Gosling ", "Why Do Studios Think There's So Much Value in Old Titles? "[33] Writing in Cult Cinema, academics Ernest Mathijs and Jamie Sexton state that this acceptance of mainstream culture and commercialism is not out of character, as cult audiences have a more complex relationship to these concepts: they are more opposed to mainstream values and excessive commercialism than they are anything else. [133] B films, which are often conflated with exploitation, are as important to cult films as exploitation. When fans like a cult film for the wrong reasons, such as casting or characters aimed at mainstream appeal, they may be ridiculed. March 2018 December 2016 The Rocky Horror Picture Show might be one of the best known cult classics out there, but it's not the only great one. November 2012 Others have inspired their own film festivals. This results in an anti-academic bias despite the use of formal methodologies, such as defamiliarization. [77] Imports are sometimes censored to remove elements that would be controversial, such as references to Islamic spirituality in Indonesian cult films. March 2013 Tim Curry, despite his acknowledged range as an actor, found casting difficult after he achieved fame in The Rocky Horror Picture Show. [69] As late as the 1980s, critics still cited Pedro Almodóvar's anti-macho iconoclasm as a rebellion against fascist mores, as he grew from countercultural rebel to mainstream respectability. E.T. May 2019 deNobel ultimately rejects the use of the label "so bad it's good" as mean-spirited and often misapplied. [99] Blockbuster science fiction films that include philosophical subtexts, such as The Matrix, allow cult film fans to enjoy them on a higher level than the mainstream. Le mythique réalisateur de La Dolce Vita, Palme d'Or en 1960, évoque au travers de Huit et Demi, film culte du cinéma italien, son angoisse de la panne d'inspiration. Like the surrealists and dadaists, they not only satirically attacked society but also the very structure of film – a counter-cinema that deconstructs narrative and traditional processes. The cult fans differentiate themselves from ordinary fans in several ways: longstanding devotion to the film, distinctive interpretations, and fan works. [63] Exploitative, transgressive elements can be pushed to excessive extremes for both humor and satire. [128] This flattening of culture follows the popularity of post-structuralism, which rejects a hierarchy of artistic merit and equates exploitation and art. Overbroad usage of the term has resulted in controversy, as purists state it has become a meaningless descriptor applied to any film that is the slightest bit weird or unconventional; others accuse Hollywood studios of trying to artificially create cult films or use the term as a marketing tactic. In fact, it actually holds its place firmly in the 60s while defining the term cult classic. Fandom can also be used as a process of legitimation. February 2018 [43] Mathijs states that cult films broadcast on Christmas have a nostalgic factor. [112], Chuck Kleinhans states that the difference between a guilty pleasure and a cult film can be as simple as the number of fans; David Church raises the question of how many people it takes to form a cult following, especially now that home video makes fans difficult to count. With major studios behind them, even financially unsuccessful films can be re-released multiple times, which plays into a trend to capture audiences through repetitious reissues. If they are the majority, they may alter or ignore long-standing traditions, such as audience participation rituals; rituals which lack perceived authenticity may be criticized, but accepted rituals bring subcultural capital to veteran fans who introduce them to the newer members. Takashi Miike has been marketed in the West as a shocking and avant-garde filmmaker despite his many family-friendly comedies, which have not been imported. Romance films, like any genre, have their own following. [61]:135 Matt Hills states that auteur theory can help to create cult films; fans that see a film as continuing a director's creative vision are likely to accept it as cult. [126] Modern midnight movies retain their popularity and have been strongly diverging from mainstream films shown at midnight. [15] Film critic Joe Bob Briggs began reviewing drive-in theater and cult films, though he faced much criticism as an early advocate of exploitation and cult films. [132] In The Cult Film Reader, academics Mathijs and Mendik write that these documentaries often present non-Western societies as "stereotypically mysterious, seductive, immoral, deceptive, barbaric or savage". [18] Besides creating new communities, cult films can link formerly disparate groups, such as fans and critics. ", "Subcultural Studies and the Film Audience", "Fandom and Subculture: Fan Studies: Early Approaches", "Rewind: Major-Studio Flicks That Belong In The Grind House", "Good Bad Taste: 'Rocky Horror Picture Show' and the So Bad It's Good Fallacy", "Miami Connection Destroys the Myth of 'So Bad They're Good' Movies", "Cult film Is Good Business at Coolidge Corner Theatre", "How 'The Room' Turned Me Into a Cult Movie 'Star, "Vincent Price and Cult Performance: the Case of Witchfinder General", "FILM: 'Pink Flamingos': Cult of Bad Taste", "It's the Site of the Living Dead, as Cult Films Hit Web", "John Hughes Versus the Vampires: The Dilemma of the Midnight Movie", "The History and Meaning of The Dude's Abiding", "Midnight Movies and the Phenomenon of the Cult Film", "Doris Wishman; Exploitation Film Director, Cult Favorite", "Are 'cult' films a possibility for Malta? Fans who like the films for the wrong reasons, such as perceived elements that represent mainstream appeal and marketing, will often be ostracized or ridiculed. In the era of classic Hollywood, few films had the opportunity to develop cult followings due to regular turnover at theaters and the lack of subsequent distribution on media like television or home video that would allow audiences to see movies … [181] Influenced by the successful online hype of The Blair Witch Project (1999), other films have attempted to draw online cult fandom with the use of prefabricated cult appeal. Films are frequently stated to be an "instant cult classic" now, occasionally before they are released. Easy access to cult films via video on demand and peer-to-peer file sharing has led some critics to pronounce the death of cult films. [109] In francophone culture, "so bad it's good" films, known as nanars [Fr], have given rise to a subculture with dedicated websites such as Nanarland, film festivals and viewings in theaters, as well as various books analyzing the phenomenon. In the same way, critics may ridicule fans of cult blockbusters as immature or shallow. They attracted both acclaim and denouncement from critics and progressives. [147] Mondo films like Faces of Death mix real and fake footage freely, and they gain their cult following through the outrage and debate over authenticity that results. [88]:190–193 Also, instead of valuing textual rarity, fans of cult blockbusters will value repeat viewings. [189], "Cult movies" redirects here. [107] Sometimes, fans will impose their own interpretation of films which have attracted derision, such as reinterpreting an earnest melodrama as a comedy. Smith states that the early films of John Waters are amateurish and less influential than claimed, but Waters' outrageous vision cements his place in cult cinema. Comment. [137] The freedom and excitement associated with cars can be an important part of drawing cult film fans to genre films, and they can signify action and danger with more ambiguity than a gun. Given this rather loose definition, it is not uncommon for the term to be abused and for some indie films to be marketed as “instant cult classics” prior to their release, which contradicts the assumption that a cult film must amass a devoted following before earning the right to be described as such. Markets that did not support the sale of these materials saw less cult activity. [16], Writing in Defining Cult Movies, Jancovich et al. Cult films can both appeal to specific subcultures and form their own subcultures. It also transcends its era, not looking or feeling like a movie from the late 80s. Other cult films, such as Streets of Fire (1984), create a new fictional world based on nostalgic views of the past. October 2020 Cult films are defined as much by audience reaction as they are by content. Mathijs states that Halloween horror conventions can provide the missing community aspect. [82] Transgressive films imported from cultures that are recognizably different yet still relatable can be used to progressively examine issues in another culture. [15] Church has also criticized gendered descriptions of transgressive content that celebrate masculinity. Due to their rejection of mainstream appeal, Mendik says cult films can be more creative and political; times of relative political instability produce more interesting films. These films, ritually watched every season, give a sense of community and shared nostalgia to viewers. Mainstream cinemas, eager to disassociate themselves from negative associations and increase profits, have begun abandoning midnight screenings. [6] This acceptance is not universal, though, and some critics have resisted this mainstreaming of paracinema. It follows the story of Sergeant Howie investigating a young girl named Rowan’s disappearance. Who Can Tell? [12] Midnight movies became more popular and mainstream, peaking with the release of The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975), which finally found its audience several years after its release. Unconcerned with genre distinctions, they drew inspiration equally from the nonconformity of European art cinema and experimental film, the gritty subject matter of Italian neorealism, and the shocking images of 1960s exploitation. This film holds some of the most quoted lines in movie history. [66] Sports metaphors are often used in the marketing of cult films to males, such as emphasizing the "extreme" nature of the film, which increases the appeal to youth subcultures fond of extreme sports. Instead, the cult film is typically defined by its ability to develop an enduring, loyal fan base, despite the likelihood of a poor box office debut. [86] Authenticity may also drive fans to deny genre categorization to films perceived as too mainstream or accessible. [60], The critic Michael Medved characterized examples of the "so bad it's good" class of low-budget cult film through books such as The Golden Turkey Awards. Ritualistic behavior have acquired cult followings to be an important aspect of their.!, can be an `` instant cult classics '' bypasses the years an. Consistency for calculated quirkiness ironic and earnest fans as sports, can self-reflexive. Activities inside popular culture they Need not be at all similar blockbusters, will claim elements themselves! Are all popular predominantly targeted the 60s while defining the term and subjectivity of what fans imagined the film as... [ 176 ] after a clip from one of his films were initially greeted with.! 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