Victor Marion Rose, History of Victoria (Laredo, 1883; rpt., Victoria, Texas: Book Mart, 1961). San Jacinto. Texan sources specify the number of prisoners as 407, exclusive of Miller's men. Founded on the San Antonio River, it is the county seat of Goliad County. The Massacre. The troops sang "Home Sweet Home" on the night of March 26. A monument marks the burial site outside… Henry Stuart Foote, Texas and the Texans (2 vols., Philadelphia: Cowperthwait, 1841; rpt., Austin: Steck, 1935). Short on munitions and supplies, with no hope of rescue, the majority of Ward's men voted to surrender under good terms. He assured Fannin that there was no known instance where a prisoner of war who had trusted to the clemency of the Mexican government had lost his life, that he would recommend to General Santa Anna acceptance of the terms proposed by Fannin's men, and that he was confident of obtaining Santa Anna's approval within a period of eight days. Main article: Goliad massacre The Mexicans took the Texans back to Goliad, where they were held as prisoners at Fort Defiance. Two physicians, Joseph H. Barnard and John Shackelford, were taken to San Antonio to treat Mexican wounded from the battle of the Alamo; they later escaped. Carlos E. Castañeda (Dallas: Turner, 1928; 2d ed., Austin: Graphic Ideas, 1970). [18] He was taken by Mexican soldiers to the courtyard located in front of the chapel along the north wall, blindfolded, and seated in a chair due to his leg wound received in battle. Davenport presented the address, which was published as "The Men of Goliad" in the Southwestern Historical Quarterly (1939). Unhurt myself, I sprang up and, concealed by the thick smoke, fled along the hedge in the direction of the river, the noise of the water for my guide. He said the Texan prisoners and American volunteers numbered about 400, while the Mexican captors totaled 700, in addition to cavalry and smaller groups of Mexican soldiers he saw gathered on the prairie. DeWitt Clinton Baker, comp., A Texas Scrap-Book (New York: Barnes, 1875; rpt. King on a mission to Refugio on March 11, to remove several noncombatant families out of the path of Urrea's army. The next morning, seeing Urrea receive one hundred more men and three more artillery pieces, Fannin agreed to surrender. They were marched back to Goliad to face the same fate as the rest of Fannin's command.[11]. [6] In late December, at his behest, the Mexican Congress passed the Tornel Decree, declaring that any foreigners fighting against Mexican troops "will be deemed pirates and dealt with as such, being citizens of no nation presently at war with the Republic and fighting under no recognized flag". Some of the prisoners taken at Refugio but not executed with King's men are known to have been at Goliad, where they were again spared because they were serving the Mexican army as blacksmiths, wheelwrights, or other artisans. The Texans lost. Portilla wrote that the total number of his prisoners was 445, exclusive of William P. Miller's eighty men, who had been captured without arms at Copano and were thus to be spared. Fannin was ordered by General Sam Houston on March 11, 1836, to abandon Goliad and retreat to the Guadalupe River near Victoria. Goliad Massacre Video Details 360-degree video filmed within and around the Presidio La Bahía and Fannin Battleground State Historic Site is intended to help viewers gain a deeper understanding of the tragic story that played an important role in the 1836 march toward Texas independence. And without a moment's hesitation, I plunged into the water. At selected spots on each of the three roads, from half to three-fourths of a mile from the presidio, the three groups were halted. Under a decree passed by the Mexican Congress on December 30 of the previous year, armed foreigners taken in combat were to be treated as pirates and executed. TXST 2370 / HIST 3310: Survey of Texas History Matamoros, Alamo, Goliad L25 The Goliad Massacre. Colonel James Walker Fannin and 341 men under his command had surrendered to General José de Urrea of the Mexican army on March 20 at the Battle of Coleto Creek. Fannin sent Captain Amon B. However, in the massacre section it states "Santa Anna responded to this entreaty by repeatedly ordering Urrea to comply with the law and execute the prisoners. Which military leader was so indecisive about whether or not he should go to help defend the Alamo that he and his men ended up getting caught by the Mexican army and had to surrender at Coleto Creek? Jakie L. Pruett and Everett B. Cole, Goliad Massacre: A Tragedy of the Texas Revolution (Austin: Eakin Press, 1985). In the early-morning hours of October 9, 1835, Texas settlers attacked the Mexican Army soldiers garrisoned at Presidio La Bahía, a fort near the Mexican Texas settlement of Goliad. Charles Adams Gulick, Jr., Harriet Smither, et al., eds., The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar (6 vols., Austin: Texas State Library, 1920–27; rpt., Austin: Pemberton Press, 1968). The Texans thought they would likely be set free in a few weeks. reset. Q. The Goliad Campaign was the 1836 Mexican offensive to retake the Texas Gulf Coast during the Texas Revolution. One company, badly led, broke ranks at the beginning of Mexía's action, and half its number, together with wounded men from other companies, were captured by Santa Anna's forces the next day. Evacuation of Goliad, Battle of Coleto & Surrender by Hobart Huson. John Crittenden Duval, Early Times in Texas, or the Adventures of Jack Dobell (Austin: Gammel, 1892; new ed., Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986). On March 12, they encountered a group of Texian soldiers, under the command of William Ward at Refugio. The Texians were marched back to Goliad and held as prisoners at Fort Defiance,[17] each believing that they were going to be set free in a matter of weeks. [18] Three known survivors escaped to Houston's army and participated in the Battle of San Jacinto. There's some spooky history here in Texas. Carolino Huerta of the Tres Villas battalion. You would think such a … Nearly all were killed at the first fire. ", A more difficult situation confronted him on March 20 after James W. Fannin's surrender (see COLETO, BATTLE OF). Handbook of Texas Online, The guard, which was to serve also as a firing squad, included the battalions of Tres Villas and Yucatán, dismounted cavalry, and pickets from the Cuautla, Tampico, and Durango regiments. The impact of the Goliad Massacre was crucial. Fannin, because he was wounded, was shot separately at the mission on the same day. On I went, the river rolled at my feet, the shouting and yelling behind. Hermann Ehrenberg, Texas und Seine Revolution (Leipzig: Wigand, 1843; abridged trans. Abel Morgan, An Account of the Battle of Goliad and Fanning's Massacre (Paducah, Kentucky?, 1847?). Fannin also believed that by occupying Goliad, he could prevent Mexican commander Antonio López de Santa Anna from drawing supplies from the Gulf of Mexico, but Fannin was called to assist Colonel William Travis at the Alamo. News of the Goliad Massacre spread outrage, resentment, and fear among the population of the fledgling Republic of Texas and abroad. In Goliad, Colonel James Fannin commanded the Texan force of nearly 500 trained soldiers and militia. Goliad Massacre. Fannin hoped to retreat to Victoria, but he hesitated for several days. Joseph H. Barnard, Dr. J. H. Barnard's Journal: A Composite of Known Versions, ed. One week later, under the orders of Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna, the Texians were marched outside the fort and shot. Urrea wrote in his diary that he "...wished to elude these orders as far as possible without compromising my personal responsibility." While their friends were killed, many soliders escaped or tried to. As incredible as it may sound, MASSACRE - The Goliad Witnesses is the first book to contain all of the Goliad survivor accounts. [14] The Texians had traveled only six miles (10 km) from their fort when, on March 19, the Mexican army engaged the Texians on an open prairie. Santa Anna's main army took no prisoners; execution of the murderous decree of December 30, 1835, fell to Gen. José de Urrea, commander of Santa Anna's right wing. Fannin's men delivered up their arms, and some 230 or 240 uninjured or slightly wounded men were marched back to Goliad and imprisoned in the chapel of Nuestra Señora de Loreto Presidio at La Bahía, the fort they had previously occupied (see FORT DEFIANCE). Only the day before, Fannin himself, with his adjutant general, Joseph M. Chadwick, had returned from Copano, where, accompanied by Holsinger and other Mexican officers, they had tried to charter the vessel on which William P. Miller's Nashville Battalion had arrived earlier (these men had been captured and imprisoned at Goliad, also). And liberty! `` ; 2d ed., Austin: Graphic Ideas, 1970 ) the material and! Upper ford of the fledgling Republic of Texas and abroad morning of March by! Juan Holzinger ( saved two German Texians captured among Capt Mexican government released..., half of them were tried as pirates, convicted, and, on the Bexar.... 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