They are similar to jets. Because blue jets typically last almost a full second, one can easily see the jet rise from the clouds with a fast video camera. On September 14, 2001, scientists at the Arecibo Observatory photographed a gigantic jet—double the height of those previously observed—reaching around 70 km (45 mi) into the atmosphere. The jet was initially observed to be traveling up at around 50,000 m/s (110,000 mph; 180,000 km/h) at a speed similar to typical lightning, increased to 160,000 and 270,000 m/s (360,000–600,000 mph; 580,000–970,000 km/h), but then split in two and sped upward with speeds of at least 2,000,000 m/s (4,500,000 mph; 7,200,000 km/h) to the ionosphere where it then spread out in a bright burst of light. The color is believed to be due to a set of blue and near-ultraviolet emission lines from neutral and ionized molecular nitrogen. In rund 40 km Höhe entstehen auf ähnliche Weise auch weiß-bläuliche, stichflammenähnliche Entladungen, „Blue Jets“ (dt. The first video recording of a TLE was captured accidentally on July 6, 1989 when researcher R.C Franz left a camera running overnight to view the night sky. The terms red sprites and blue jets gained popularity after a video clip was circulated following an aircraft research campaign to study sprites in 1994. Although jets are considered to be a type of upper-atmospheric lightning, it has been found that they are components of tropospheric lightning and a type of cloud-to-air discharge that initiates within a thunderstorm and travel upwards. According to Victor Pasko of Penn State University, an electrical engineer working at Arecibo, pilots and others reported observations of red sprites and blue jets long before the first one was captured on video, and numerous undocumented reports of similar phenomena have appeared in scientific literature for over a century. There are several types of TLEs, the most common being sprites. The preferred usage is transient luminous event (TLE), because the various types of electrical-discharge phenomena in the upper atmosphere lack several characteristics of the more familiar tropospheric lightning. [15] "Blue starters appear to be blue jets that never quite make it," according to Dr. Victor P. Pasko, associate professor of electrical engineering.[16]. Unsere Redakteure haben uns der Aufgabe angenommen, Verbraucherprodukte verschiedenster Variante ausführlichst auf Herz und Nieren zu überprüfen, damit Sie zuhause schnell den Blue jet lightning sich aneignen können, den Sie zuhause haben wollen. The storm center was located at 33°S, 60°W, near the city of Rosario. Upper-atmospheric lightning or ionospheric lightning are terms sometimes used by researchers to refer to a family of short-lived electrical-breakdown phenomena that occur well above the altitudes of normal lightning and storm clouds. Upper-atmospheric lightning (includes Blue Jets) Aurora (astronomy) On July 22, 2002, five gigantic jets between 60 and 70 kilometres (35 and 45 mi) in length were observed over the South China Sea from Taiwan, reported in Nature. The next known video recordings of a TLE were taken in 1989, when the Shuttle Mission STS-34 was conducting the Mesoscale Lightning Observation Experiment. More about this Image A team of researchers at Arecibo captured video evidence from the ground of this lightning phenomenon known as blue jet. [17] The jet was located above a thunderstorm over an ocean, and lasted under a second. This is the first image ever captured of blue jet lightning. A series of unusual, white luminous events atop the thunderstorm were observed over a 20-minute period, lasting for an average of 16 milliseconds each. Blue jet lightning. In a similar process to how blue jets form, the higher charge region is discharged by the leader network before the same occurs in the lower charge region, and one end of the leader network propagates upward from the cloud toward the ionosphere. Wilson predicted that electrical breakdown should occur in the atmosphere high above large thunderstorms. Beim Blue jet lightning Vergleich konnte unser Sieger in allen Kriterien das Feld für sich entscheiden. They were later dubbed 'pixies'. Retrieved from, "Juno Discovers Sprites and Elves on Jupiter", "Sprites and Elves in the Atmosphere | Penn State University". In the 1920s, the Scottish physicist C.T.R. ELVES were first recorded on another shuttle mission, this time recorded off French Guiana on October 7, 1990. Blue jets appear blue in color and go from the tops of clouds to a height of about 50 kilometers. The acronym ELVES (“Emission of Light and Very Low Frequency perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Sources”) refers to a singular event which is commonly thought of as being plural. They were first recorded on October 21, 1989, on a monochrome video of a thunderstorm on the horizon taken from the Space Shuttle as it passed over Australia. Blue jets occur much less frequently than sprites. This is the first image ever captured of blue jet lightning. When reviewing the video taken, two finger-like vertical images appeared in two frames of the film. Sprites have been witnessed thousands of times. The discovery is the first ground-based evidence linking the ionosphere with cloud tops in blue jet events. [citation needed], On August 13, 2016, photographer Phebe Pan caught a clear wide-angle photo of a gigantic jet on a wide-angle lens while shooting Perseid meteors atop Shi Keng Kong peak in Guangdong province [21] and Li Hualong captured the same jet from a more distant location in Jiahe, Hunan, China. [25] They occur in the ionosphere 100 km (62 mi) above the ground over thunderstorms. TLEs generally last anywhere from less than a millisecond to more than 2 seconds. Examples may be seen in the clip 'Blue Jets & Blue Starters – the video', Phillips, T. (October 25, 2019). P1.39 The Discovery of Red Sprites as an Opportunity For Informal Science Education. Blue starters are considered to be a weaker form of blue jets. Also Available:Download the high-resolution JPG version of the image. The two main types of jets are blue jets and gigantic jets. On October 21, 1989 TLE'S were recorded during the Shuttle orbits 44 and 45. The electrical contact may represent an important component of the global electrical circuit, says Basu. Walter A. Lyons and Michey D. Schmidt (2003). (Date of Image: Unknown), Credit: Victor Pasko, Penn State University. These were taken in a series of 1994 aircraft flights to study sprites. "[14] They appear to be shorter and brighter than blue jets, reaching altitudes of only up to 20 km. 57 DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5486-3", https://spaceweatherarchive.com/2019/10/25/close-encounter-with-a-gigantic-jet/, ELVES, a primer: Ionospheric Heating By the Electromagnetic Pulses from Lightning, "Red sprites and blue jets explained - New discovery! It was previously believed that blue jets were not directly related to lightning flashes, and that the presence of hail somehow led to their occurrence. [14] That ELVES was discovered in the Shuttle Video by the Mesoscale Lightning Experiment (MLE) team at Marshall Space Flight Center, AL led by the Principal Investigator, Otha H."Skeet" Vaughan, Jr. ELVES is a whimsical acronym for Emissions of Light and Very Low Frequency Perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Sources. They last for only a few microseconds. On October 16, 2019, pilot Chris Holmes captured a high-resolution video of a gigantic jet from 35,000 feet above the Gulf of Mexico near the Yucatán Peninsula. [4][5] In ensuing decades, high altitude electrical discharges were reported by aircraft pilots and discounted by meteorologists until the first direct visual evidence was documented in 1989. [8] They normally are colored reddish-orange or greenish-blue, with hanging tendrils below and arcing branches above. [12], Blue starters were discovered on video from a night time research flight around thunderstorms[13] and appear to be "an upward moving luminous phenomenon closely related to blue jets. They are not connected to lightning strikes. [24] From 35 miles, Holmes's video shows a blue streamer reach up from the top of a thunderstorm to the ionosphere, becoming red at the top. Other events, having essentially lower terminal altitudes (<26 km), are named blue starters. Blue jets are beams of blue light propagating from the tops of active thunderclouds up to altitudes of ∼50 km. "GJ event that was clearly recorded in eastern China (storm center located at 35.6°N,119.8°E, near the Huanghai Sea)". Other types of TLEs include sprite halos, ghosts, blue jets, gigantic jets, pixies, gnomes, trolls, blue starters, and ELVESs. ELVES (Emission of Light and Very Low Frequency perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Sources) often appear as a dim, flattened, expanding glow around 400 km (250 mi) in diameter that lasts for, typically, just one millisecond. [6] The phenomena were named after the mischievous sprite, e.g., Shakespeare's Ariel or Puck,[7] and is also an acronym for Stratospheric/mesospheric Perturbations Resulting from Intense Thunderstorm Electrification. Lightning phenomena: sprites, elves and blue jets There are different types of lightning (or electrical discharges) that occur well above the realm of the thunderstorms that we experience in the troposphere (the lowest layer of earth’s atmosphere as it runs as high as about 17 km above earth’s surface). Sie ragen bis zu 25 km in die Höhe, bevor sie sich auflösen. Close encounter with a gigantic jet. 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