This briefing provides an overview of the UK’s foreign-born population. There are also some limitations in the APS variable on nationality, which currently does not collect full information on dual citizens. The smallest percentage (5%) of young people are born in India, and the largest percentage (15%) originate from EU-2 and EU-8 countries. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) estimate that in 2019, nearly 9.5 million people living in the UK were born abroad, just over 14% of the total population of the UK. For more information about migration to and from the UK, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Net migration to the UK. Where a respondent mentions more than one nationality, only the first nationality is recorded. All rights reserved. Its response rate has declined over time, and is now below 50% (ONS, 2016); this means that people who are more likely not to respond to the survey may be under-counted. This Migration Observatory is kindly supported by the following organisations. In 2019, people born outside the UK made up an estimated 14% of the UK’s population, or 9.5 million people. Top countries of origin of potential U.S. immigrants 2009-2011 Number of illegally residing third country nationals Netherlands 2008-2011, by age Largest migration flows - countries Total immigration was relatively stable between 2004 and 2018, with around 500,000 to 600,000 non-UK citizens moving to the UK in most years. Nevertheless, Poland is still the top country of citizenship of foreign citizens, accounting for 15% of non-UK citizens living in the UK. The non-citizen population also includes some children born in the UK: in 2019, there were an estimated 361,000 UK-born children (under the age of 18) who were EU nationals and 107,000 who were non-EU nationals, according to the Annual Population Survey. Poland overtakes India as country of origin, UK migration statistics show. Third, the APS excludes those who do not live in households, such as those in hotels, caravan parks and other communal establishments. Migration statistics can be used to estimate the flow of migrants in and out of the UK and to estimate the number of migrants living in the UK (the stock). Northern Ireland, Wales and the North East have a low share of the UK’s total foreign-born population, at 1–2% each. More information about EU migration is available in the Migration Observatory briefing, EU Migration to and From the UK. The beginnings of the modern-day UK immigration control can be traced from the final decade of the 19th Century and the political debate that grew surrounding the perceived growth in the numbers of Eastern European Jews coming to the UK. What countries do migrants to the UK come from? Select a country of origin or destination for one of these groups. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1606062905931'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='647px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); Although the numbers of both female and male migrants have increased over time, women constitute a small majority of the UK’s migrant population. U.S. immigration statistics for 2015 was 46,627,102.00, a 5.53% increase from 2010. How many migrants are there in the UK? EU migrants have traditionally been less likely to naturalise as British citizens than people from non-EU countries. Northern Ireland, Wales and the North East have a low share of the UK’s total foreign-born population, at 1–2% each. Among the foreign-born, there is a lot of variation depending on the place of origin. This could mean that the number of non-British citizens is overestimated in this briefing. Of these, 3.6 million were from countries now in the European Union and 5.9 million were from non-EU countries. Find Out The terms EU-8 and EU-2 refer to migrants from countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007, respectively. Most of the data in this briefing are taken from the Office for National Statistics’ Annual Population Survey (APS). Migration flows: Immigration to the EU-27 from non-member countries was 2.4 million in 2018 A total of 3.9 million peopleimmigratedto one of theEU-27Member States during 2018, while 2.6 million The growth of the foreign-born population appears to have slowed slightly since 2016 as emigration increased, but net migration remains positive (see the Migration Observatory briefing, Net migration in the UK). 2. This increase took place at a time when the UK economy was starting to recover from the economic crisis while some of the key origin countries of migrants to the UK (particularly in southern Europe) were … Although the numbers of EU migrants have increased more rapidly than non-EU migrants over the past decade, the non-EU foreign born still make up a majority of the foreign-born population. The ONS have produced a user guide that covers frequently asked questions relating to the Annual Population Survey (see here). Over time, the foreign-born share of the population typically rises more than the non-citizen share, because many migrants become UK citizens over time. Recent newcomers are more likely to come from Asia, Central America, and Africa, and less likely to be from Mexico. In 2019, 70% of the foreign born were aged 26-64, compared to 48% of the UK born. Further analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on migration to and from the UK can be found at our COVID-19 and Migration in the UK project page. During the same period, the share of foreign citizens rose from 5% to 9%. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1606062988763'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='570px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); In 2019, the most common reason that non-EU migrants gave for having originally moved to the UK was family (49% of non-EU born), followed by work (21%). This article presents European Union (EU) statistics on international migration (flows), number of national and non-national citizens in population ("stocks") and data relating to the acquisition of citizenship. Intellectual copyright remains the property of Migration Watch UK - © Migration Watch UK. Population by Country of Birth and Nationality Report: August 2015 This report outlines the latest population estimates for the UK by country of birth and nationality, covering the period from 2004 up to the latest data for the year ending December 2014. With thanks to Luka Klimavičiūtė for assistance on this briefing, Dr Carlos Vargas-Silva University of Oxford, Read more Number of people who immigrated to Sweden in 2019, by country of birth As of 2019, the number of international migrants worldwide stood at almost 272 million (or 3.5 percent of the world’s population), according to UN Population Division estimates. For more information about the geographical distribution of the UK’s migrant population, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Where do migrants live in the UK? The Migration Observatory informs debates on international migration and public policy. Compared to the UK born, migrants are more likely to be aged 26 to 64, and less likely to be children or people of retirement age. Below you can select a maximum of three countries or world regions to create your own graph that shows how that population has changed in the UK since 2004. Nationality refers to the nationality stated by the respondent when they are interviewed and can be subject to change. In 2019, about half of the UK’s foreign-born population (48% in total) were either in London (35% – 3,317,000) or the South East (13% – 1,215,000). Poland dropped from the first place in 2018 after roughly 100,000 Poles left the UK over the previous two years. In 2019, only 10% of the UK-born population lived in London (Figure 4). Keep up with the debate: If you would like us to keep you informed about the immigration debate, please subscribe here to receive regular updates. For detailed local-authority level data on migration, see the Migration Observatory’s Local Data Guide. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1606062947523'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); In 2019, India, Poland and Pakistan were the top three countries of birth for the foreign-born, accounting respectively for 9%, 9% and 6% of the total (Figure 5). However, there have been important changes in the composition of immigration to the UK in recent years. In 2015, about 4.9 million people born in the UK lived in other countries, the 10th-largest emigrant … For more information about citizenship and naturalisation of UK migrants, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Naturalisation as a British Citizen. For discussion about early indicators of the impact of the pandemic on UK migration flows, see our commentary “New Measures: COVID-19, the end of the International Passenger Survey, and the November 2020 migration statistics.”. Long-term international net migration, immigration and emigration figures have remained broadly stable since the end of 2016. In 2019, 38% of migrants were born in the EU. U.S. immigration statistics for 2005 was 39,258,293.00, a 12.77% increase from 2000. Some people are excluded, such as residents of communal establishments like hostels, and other groups may be under-counted due to survey non-response. How many people come to the UK each year? As of 2015, South or East Asia was the single largest source region (26.9 percent) followed by Mexico (26.8 percent). Source: Home Office Immigration Statistics, Detention tables, Table dt_04: People entering detention by country of nationality, sex, place of initial detention and age. Read more It includes a question on respondents’ country of birth. The number of immigrants entering the United Kingdom has been steadily increasing, with approximately 440 thousand more people coming to the UK every year in 2019 than in 1980. Click here to browse the ONS statistics for yourself. In total, this is up by 63,000 compared to 2018. One estimate of the stock is the number of people living in the UK who were born in another country. E: robert.mcneil@compas.ox.ac.uk. The remaining top five countries of origin were India, Afghanistan, Syria and Iraq. Of these, 3.6 million were from countries now in the European Union and 5.9 million were from non-EU countries. 10 Key Points on Mass immigration and Population Growth, The Office for National Statistics (ONS) estimate that in 2019, nearly 9.5 million people living in the UK were born abroad, just over 14% of the total population of the UK. Published. First, it does not measure the scale of irregular migration. Where do migrants live? ONS analysis based on the Census suggests that non-response is a greater problem among people born outside of the UK (Weeks et al, 2013). This list may not reflect recent changes (). In 2018, the top country of origin for new immigrants coming into the U.S. was China, with 149,000 people, followed by India (129,000), Mexico (120,000) and the Philippines (46,000). var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1606063029086'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='557px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); For more information about family migration, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Family migration to the UK. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data. History 1905 Aliens Act and the Immigration Boards. Throughout history, the region has been a central part of global migration systems which its States helped to establish and shape, mainly through mercantilist and colonial expansions. Your email address has been subscribed to our newsletter. Back to ‘Immigration Statistics, year ending December 2018’ content page.. 1. For more about the children of migrants read the Migration Observatory briefing: Children of migrants in the UK. For more information on Polish and EU migration, please see the Migration Observatory briefing, EU Migration to and From the UK. Thank you. Home Office immigration statistics provide the numbers of people who are covered by the UK’s immigration control and related processes, based on a range of administrative and other data sources. Dr Cinzia Rienzo. The largest absolute numbers of people born outside the EU were in Germany (6.4 million), France (5.1 million), the United Kingdom (4.7 million), Spain (4.1 million), Italy (3.2 million), and the Netherlands (1.4 million). Immigration has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the U.S. history. ... said the vote to leave the EU was a chance to fix the UK's "broken" immigration … Net migration started to increase again from 2013 onwards. Long-term international net migration data show that migrants continued to add to the UK population as an estimated 258,000 more people moved to the UK with an intention to stay 12 months or more than left in the year ending December 2018. Poles still represented the biggest non-British nationality (900,000). Refugee population by country or territory of origin from The World Bank: Data Learn how the World Bank Group is helping countries with COVID-19 (coronavirus). Definitions have a significant impact on the analysis of the number of migrants in the UK and there is significant overlap between those who belong to the foreign-born group and those who belong to the foreign-citizen group. Migrants are much more likely to live in some parts of the UK than others. Second, it does not provide information on asylum seekers. In 2019, India was – once again – the most common country of birth for migrants (863,000) in the UK after a number of Polish-born people left the UK, and the Indian born population grew slightly. Data from the Home Office, Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) and Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) are also included. Population of the UK by country of birth and nationality: year ending June 2020 Latest population estimates for the UK by country of birth and nationality, covering the period up to the year ending June 2020. Figure 1 - Change in non-UK born population of the UK, 2004 to 2019: The Annual Population Survey has been produced since 2004. The size of the foreign-born population in the UK increased from about 5.3 million in 2004 to almost 9.5 million in 2019 (Figure 1). The APS is therefore likely to underestimate the UK population of recent migrants. In 2019, Poland was the largest country of origin of EU-born residents (Figure 5), comprising 818,000 people, or 23% of the total EU-born population in the UK. Figure 2 - For example, see below the population that is resident in the UK who were Polish Born: Select a maximum of 3 countries or world regions to see how that population has changed in the UK since 2004: The foreign born population is affected by both international migration and deaths of existing migrants. About half of non-EU migrants said they came to the UK for family reasons in 2019, while the most common reason for migration among EU migrants was work. Only 1% of people born in Romania or Bulgaria were aged 65+ compared to 17% of those born in the EU-14. Oxford, OX2 6QS. Source: Migration Policy Institute Source: Migration Policy Institute Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security In comparison, the UK-born population is more evenly distributed. Immigration to the United States is the international movement of non-U.S. nationals in order to reside permanently in the country. We use cookies to help us improve the website. By race and ethnicity, more Asian immigrants than Hispanic immigrants have arrived in … This incredibly handy map shows the immigrant and emigrant populations by country of origin and destination. This is down from its peak of 922,000 in 2017 (in the same year, the number of Polish citizens in the UK was estimated at over a million). In 2019, 52% of the foreign-born population were women or girls, according to APS data. The national origins of new arrivals to the United States are shifting, in ways not always fully appreciated. The APS has some limitations for estimating migrants in the UK. The Migration Observatory, at the University of Oxford COMPAS (Centre on Migration, Policy and Society) Europe has been a crossroads of human mobility since ancient times. However, citizenship applications of EU citizens increased after the 2016 referendum. U.S. immigration statistics for 2010 was 44,183,643.00, a 12.55% increase from 2005. Information about international students can be found in the briefing, International student migration to the UK. Immigrants to U.S. by Country of Origin Figures are totals, not annual averages, and were tabulated as follows: 1820–1867, alien passengers arrived; 1868–1891 and 1895–1897, immigrant aliens arrived; 1892–1894 and 1898 to present, immigrant aliens admitted. The overall shares of young people aged 16 to 25 are very similar for those born in the UK (12%) and abroad (11%). More precisely, in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, E… These data cover the period to the end of 2019 and so do not yet provide insights into the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the UK’s migrant population. Non-EU citizens accounted for an estimat… Work was a particularly important reason for migration for migrants from new EU member states, with 59% of EU-8 migrants and 62% of EU-2 migrants giving this reason. Country of birth refers to the country that a person was born in and cannot change. Number of people entering immigration detention per year, 2009–2018. Learn more about us. As a result, as the ONS states ‘the population totals are not directly comparable with mid-year population estimates, which refer to the entire UK population’. If you would like to make a press enquiry, please contact: + 44 (0)7500 970081 robert.mcneil@compas.ox.ac.uk, T: +44 (0)1865 274 701 For more information about how migrants are defined, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Who Counts as a Migrant? 58 Banbury Road, An estimated 19% of the UK-born were at least 65 years old in 2019, compared to 11% of migrants. Using data from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), this map shows countries of origin and destination for the overall UNHCR populations of concern, as well as three main subpopulations: Refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons. Other regions accounting for significant shares were Europe and Canada (13.5 percent), the Caribbean (9.6 percent), Central America (7.9 percent), South America (6.7 percent), the Middle East (4 percent) and sub-Saharan Africa (3.9 percent). More information about work visas and work migration is available in the briefing, Work visas and migrant workers in the UK. The Office for National Statistics produces the Annual Population Survey, a survey of households in the UK. Pages in category "Immigration to the United Kingdom by country of origin" The following 88 pages are in this category, out of 88 total. In comparison, the UK-born population is more evenly distributed. London has the largest number of migrants among all regions of the UK, 3,317,000 – or 35% of the UK’s total foreign-born population. This briefing focuses on the population of migrants living in the UK. EU-8 refers specifically to migrants from Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia while EU-2 refers to migrants from Romania and Bulgaria. Europe also played a crucial role in developing a set of rules and norms regulating human mobility in the region. Respondents’ answer to the question ‘What is your nationality’ will not necessarily always reflect their legal citizenship, and will depend on how individuals understand the meaning of this term. Until the end of the Second World War, most migration was within and out of Europe. Traditionally, most immigration to the UK has been from outside of the EU, and this remains the case today. Where direct comparisons are made to the IPS data, Home Office visa data are for main applicants only and for long-term visas (one year or more). The high shares of family migrants in the non-EU population in part reflects the fact that people who come on family visas are more likely to settle permanently than people who come on work or student visas – as explained in the Migration Observatory briefing, Settlement in the UK. Click, If you are interested in finding out the migrant population born in a particular country then click. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1606062783943'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='527px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); The share of foreign-born people in the UK’s total population increased from 9% from 2004 to 14% in 2019 (Figure 2). Using newly released data from the 2000 Census, this report examines the changing distribution of the nation’s immigrant population by country of origin at the state level. As the data in this briefing do not cover 2020, they do not yet show the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the UK’s migrant population. The findings show that in one sense, today’s immigration is more diverse than ever because people now arrive from every corner of the world. In 2018, an estimated 527,000 foreign citizens arrived in the UK with the intention of staying for at least one year. Estimates of the population of the UK by country of birth and nationality are based upon data from the Annual Population Survey (APS). The APS has some important limitations. By contrast, EU migrants were more likely to have moved for work (48%). In 2019, about half of the UK’s foreign-born population (48% in total) were either in London (35% – 3,317,000) or the South East (13% – 1,215,000). Please note that these statistics do not cover most people living in communal establishments, some NHS accommodation, or students living in halls of residence who have non-UK-resident parents. var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1606062844920'); var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0]; if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 800 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else if ( divElement.offsetWidth > 500 ) { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='627px';} else { vizElement.style.width='100%';vizElement.style.height='617px';} var scriptElement = document.createElement('script'); scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js'; vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement); Compared to the UK-born population, migrants are more likely to be adults aged 26-64 and less likely to be children or people of retirement age (65+) (Figure 3). 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